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You are standing in the kitchen, and you ask your child to do something standard, like put on their shoes or turn off the television. You wait, and nothing happens. You repeat the request, perhaps a bit louder. When you eventually raise your voice, your child looks up, genuinely startled.
If you feel a sudden heat of frustration in these moments, worrying that your child is ignoring you, it is entirely understandable. Previous generations of parents generally categorized this behavior as straightforward defiance.
We have often assumed the child heard the instruction, processed it, and made a calculated choice to continue playing, frequently referring to this as "selective hearing."
However, recent scientific research suggests something very different is going on.
Often, your child is not ignoring you. Due to the way their developing brain processes sensory information, they literally do not hear you.
The reason is because your child's auditory system does not capture every sound in their environment equally. It has to manage competing sensory information, and it shifts focus based on what is happening around them.
Understanding the biology of this process helps explain why our instructions sometimes fail to register. It also suggests how we may more effectively communicate with our children, whose brains are still developing.
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